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Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, 1st Count of Gondomar
Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, Count of Gondomar (es: ''Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de Gondomar'') (Gondomar, Galicia November 1, 1567 – Casa la Reina, Logroño, October 2, 1626), was a Spanish (Galician) diplomat, the Spanish ambassador to England in 1613 to 1622 and afterwards, as a kind of ambassador emeritus, Spain's leading expert on English affairs until his death.〔Charles H. Carter, "Gondomar: Ambassador to James I" ''The Historical Journal'' 7.2 (1964), pp. 189-208.〕
The popular notion in England of his day painted him as privy to the inner thoughts of James I and VI, a fiendish schemer for Popery for whom "Machiavellian" was brought into common English usage and the head of a "Spanish" faction at the English court.
==Early life==
Diego was the eldest son of the Galician knight Garcia Sarmiento de Soutomaior —Lord of Salvaterra de Miño, who served as ''corregidor'' of Toro and governor of the Canary Islands— and of Juana de Acuña, heiress of the noble house of Acuña. He was born in Gondomar, Galicia, inheriting large estates both in Galicia and in Old Castile. He took an active part during the Anglo-Spanish War in repelling an English raid led by Sir Francis Drake on Baiona and Vigo in 1585. They met forces again four years later in Vigo, after the "English Armada" was turned away in A Coruña and Lisbon; there Drake was rejected but not before the bombing and sack of the town. As a result of these military successes, he was appointed by King Philip II of Spain as governor of Baiona, and keeper of the fortress of Monte Real, so warding the southern frontier and sea coast of Galicia. Later, in 1596, he was appointed first ''corregidor'' of Toro, and later of Valladolid, then the residence and capital of King Philip III. From that moment he was forced to reconcile both jobs, as courtier and corregidor in the capital, and as soldier and Capitan in Galicia: in 1603 he was sent from court to Vigo to superintend the distribution of the treasure brought from America by two galleons which were driven to take refuge there; on his return he was appointed a member of the board of finance. In 1609 he repelled a Dutch naval attack by the coasts of Galicia.
Although he held both military and administrative employs, his residence was at Valladolid, where he owned the ''Casa del Sol'' estate and was already collecting his fine library. He was known as a courtier, and apparently as a friend of the favourite, the Duke of Lerma. In 1612 he was appointed ambassador in England, but he did not leave to take up his appointment till May 1613.
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